What does the term "reasonable suspicion" mean in law enforcement?

The term "reasonable suspicion" in law enforcement refers to a belief grounded in specific, articulable facts that suggest a person may be involved in criminal activity. This standard is more than a mere hunch or instinct; it requires law enforcement officers to rely on particular observations, experience, or information that leads them to suspect that a crime is afoot. For instance, if an officer observes unusual behavior, such as someone repeatedly engaging in a specific pattern of movements that align with drug dealing or other criminal acts, this could form the basis for reasonable suspicion.

This concept is crucial because it allows police to take necessary investigative actions, such as stopping and questioning a person, without needing probable cause, which is a higher standard requiring evidence that a crime has been committed. It ensures that action is taken based on concrete information rather than arbitrary assumptions or unfounded beliefs, thus balancing the need for public safety with individual rights.

In contrast, the other definitions provided do not meet the legal standard for reasonable suspicion. A random guess, a vague feeling, or an assumption based solely on appearance lack the specific, factual basis required to justify an investigative stop or inquiry.